Analyses developed by the Danish National ID Centre

Brazil - Marriage registration and the issuance of marriage certificates
09-04-2019
The note describes the marriage registration procedure and the issuance of marriage certificates. The note includes a brief description of circumstances that either impede or can delay the celebration of marriage in Brazil.

Nigeria - Marriage registration and the issuance of marriage certificates (for official use only - requires login)
29-03-2019
This note describes the registration and issuance procedures of marriages in Nigeria. The information contained in this note has been collected through interviews with Nigerian authorities as well as from open sources online.

Nigeria - Issuance and appearance of the Nigerian birth certificate
26-03-2019
This note describes the legislative framework of birth registration in Nigeria. Furthermore, the note describes issuance procedure of the Nigerian birth certificate and attestation of birth. Lastly, the note touches upon the general level of corruption and to what extent it affects the issuance of the birth certificate and the attestation of birth.

UPDATED VERSION OF NOTE SENT ON THE 11TH OF JANUARY 2019: China - PRC border crossing stamps (for official use only - requires login)
26-03-2019
This informational note describes the features of the border crossing stamps in use by the immigration authorities of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Bangladesh - Issuance of the Bangladeshi passport
20-03-2019
This note describes the issuance procedure of the Bangladeshi passport as well as touches upon the subject of to what extent the general level of corruption in Bangladeshi influences the issuance procedure of the Bangladeshi passport. Lastly, the note introduces the Bangladeshi E-passport that is to be issued from the beginning of 2019.

Iran, Afghanistan - Identity documents of Afghans residing in Iran (for official use only - requires login)
11-03-2019
The following note describes the types of identity documents that Afghan nationals residing in Iran may hold. In doing so, the note will touch upon the different types of residence that Afghan nationals may have in Iran, whether legal or illegal.

Iran - Issuance procedures of Iranian divorce certificates (for official use only - requires login)
08-03-2019
The following note describes the issuance procedure for Iranian divorce certificates. In doing so, the note will introduce the system for civil registrations in Iran and legislation in relation to marriages.

Iran - marriage registration and the issuance of marriage certificates (for official use only - requires login)
08-03-2019
The following note describes the issuance procedure for Iranian marriage certificates. In doing so, the note will introduce the system for civil registrations in Iran and legislation in relation to marriages.

Sudan - marriage certificates issued by the Eritrean Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church of Khartoum
08-03-2019
The following note clarifies the extent of spelling mistakes present on marriage certificates issued by the Eritrean Orthodox Church, as well as the role of the serialor registration number present on marriage certificates issued by the CatholicChurch in Sudan. It also provides an overview of source material concerning thesolemnisation of marriages on specific days of the week by the Eritrean OrthodoxChurch in Khartoum.

Bangladesh – issuance of identity cards to Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals
05-03-2019
The following note describes the introduction of a smart identity card, issued by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals or Persons of Concern to the UNHCR in Bangladesh.

China – issuance of birth certificates prior to 1996
12-02-2019
This informational note clarifies when the Chinese Medical Certificate of Birth (chusheng yixue Zhengming), was introduced.

Algeria – Marriage registration and the issuance of marriage documents
04-02-2019
The following note describes the marriage registration procedure and the issuance of the marriage certificate and the family book in Algeria. 

Bangladesh – Birth registration and birth certificates in Bangladesh
30-01-2019
The note describes the status of implementation of the database Birth Registration Information System (BRIS), where Bangladeshi birth are registered. The note also describes the compilation of the personal identification number, which appears on Bangladeshi birth certificates. The note furthermore describes to what extent the level of corruption in the public sector affects the issuance of birth certificates.

Syria - Stateless Kurds in Syria: Maktoumin and Ajanib
16-01-2019
This note will focus on identity documents issued to the stateless Kurdish population in Syria and the 1962 census that resulted in their statelessness. In doing so, the note will also briefly touch upon the legislative framework for acquisition of Syrian nationality.

CORRECTED VERSION OF NOTE SENT ON THE 14TH OF JANUARY 2019: Iran – Issuance procedures of the Iranian birth certificate - The Shenasnameh (for official use only - requires login)
15-01-2019
This note describes the issuance procedures of the Iranian birth certificate, also known as the shenasnameh, as well as the information contained in the shenasnameh. This document is a corrected version of the note sent on the 14th of January 2019.

Syria - Informational note about national numbers on Syrian ID cards
21-12-2018
This informational note describes how Syrian ID cards are issued and how the national number is compiled.

Bangladesh – Muslim marriage registration and the issuance of marriage documents
19-12-2018
This report describes the issuance procedure of the Muslim marriage contract (Nikahnama) in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh – MOFA attestation of Bangladeshi documents (for official use only - requires login)
19-12-2018
This informational note describes how Bangladeshi documents are attested by the Bangladeshi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Nepal - The legalisation procedure at the Nepali Ministry of Foreign Affairs (for official use only - requires login)
19-12-2018
The following note describes the legalisation procedure at the Nepali Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Consular Services, the trustworthiness of a legalised Nepali document, as well as precautionary measurements at two Western embassies dealing with legalised documents from Nepal.

Nepal - Birth registration and related civil status documents
18-12-2018
The following note describes birth registration in Nepal. This will include a brief description of the administrative structure related to civil registration, a detailed description of the birth registration procedure and the birth registration certificate. The note will also include an assessment of the level of corruption and the trustworthiness of civil status documents in Nepal.

Nepal - Registration of marriage and divorce and issuance of related certificates
18-12-2018
The following note describes the registration procedure regarding marriage and divorce and the issuance procedures for related certificates in Nepal. The note includes a brief description of the administrative structure and the legislative framework related to the issuance of civil status documents, as well as a description of archives and registration routines, related corruption and the trustworthiness of civil status documents.

Nepal - Identity, civil registers, registration routines and corruption (for official use only - requires login)
18-12-2018
The following note describes how an identity in Nepal is created. This includes a description of where and how personal data is registered, administrative routines regarding issuance of civil status documents and related corruption. The note also includes an assessment of the overall trustworthiness of Nepali ID- and civil status documents, a description of the citizenship certificate and the citizenship number as well as a description of the National ID Management Centre.

Gambia - The Gambia issuance of identity documents
11-12-2018
This report provides a description of the issuance procedure related to central Gambian identity documents, as well as an assessment of the prevalence of false documents in Gambia

Iran - Issuance of death certificates (for official use only - requires login)
07-12-2018
The following note describes the procedure for obtaining an Iranian death certificate in Iran and at Iranian representations abroad. In doing so, the note will include a brief introduction to civil registrations in Iran.

Israel - Israeli border crossing stamps (for official use only - requires login)
22-11-2018
The following note describes the post-2013 Israeli border crossing stamp procedure. During 2013 border crossing stamps have been replaced with entry and exit permits on separate pieces of paper.

Iran - Issuance procedures of the Iranian passport in Iran and abroad
23-10-2018
The following note describes the issuance procedures of the Iranian passport both within Iran and at Iranian representations abroad.

Cyprus – The marriage procedure and the issuance of marriage certificates (for official use only - requires login)
11-10-2018
The note describes the civil marriage procedure and the issuance of civil marriage certificates in Cyprus to couples where one or both parties are foreign citizens. The note also includes a description of the Cypriot marriage legislation; the security features present in three different civil marriage certificates; related corruption; as well as a brief description of how religious unions are registered with the civil authorities. 

Ukraine -  Marriage registration and the issuance of marriage certificates
09-10-2018
This report provides a description of rules for marriage registration and for the issuance of marriage certificates in Ukraine.  

Canada - Birth certificates and issuance procedures
08-10-2018
This report provides a description of the issuance procedure related to Canadian birth certificates, as well as a description of the security features contained within the polymer birth certificate introduced by several Canadian provincial authorities throughout the course of 2008.

Ethiopia – The Ethiopian E-series passport
03-10-2018
This note describes the appearance and technical security features of the Ethiopian E-series passport , as well as the conditions related to the issuance of the Ethiopian passport.

Ethiopia – Civil certificates issued by the Vital Events Registration Agency
03-10-2018
This note describes issuance procedures and appearance of civil certificates in Ethiopia and briefly outline the governmental structure and legislative framework of civil registration. Since August 2016 the Vital Events Registration Agency (VERA) has registered vital events and issued births, adoptions, marriages, divorces and deaths to Ethiopian nationals and since October 2017 also to refugees, therefore both procedures of issuance are described in the note.

Ethiopia – Ethiopian Kebele cards
03-10-2018
This note describes appearance and the issuance procedure of the Ethiopian identity card “Kebele card”, as well as the notoriety of the Kebele card as a proof of identity.

Schengen - Schengen border crossing sticker guide (for official use only - requires login)
21-09-2018
This guide describes the elements contained by genuine Schengen border crossing stamps, and describes how to identify fake stamps based on the information within the stamp. 

Bulgaria - Residence documents issued on the basis of the Law for the Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria or under the Act on entering, residing and leaving the Republic of Bulgaria by European Union citizens and their family member
07-09-2018
Detailed list of the 17 types of residence permits that may be issued according to third-country nationals residing in Bulgaria by the Bulgarian authorities.

Ghana - Issuance procedure of Birth Certificates and Certified Copy of Entry in Register of Births (for official use only - requires login)
30-08-2018
The following report describes the issuance procedure of central Ghanaian birth documents. It also contains a technical description of the Ghanaian birth documents, their authorisation procedure and a presentation of the challenges related to the legitimacy of Ghanaian birth documents.

Ghana - The Ghana Card (for official use only - requires login)
10-08-2018
The following note describes the security features of the new 2018 Ghana ID Card and registration and issuance procedure, as well as the challenges of the Ghana Card project. Furthermore, the note also describes the older versions of the Ghana Card. 

UK - Examination of the MRZ zone in UK visa stickers (for official use only - requires login)
19-07-2018
The following guidance describes how to conduct a tactical examination of the United Kingdom (UK) visa sticker by comparing the information contained within the visa sticker with the information found in the machine readable zone (MRZ)

Ghana - Ghanaian marriage certificates (for official use only - requires login)
18-07-2018
This note seeks to describe the different processes of marriage in Ghana, as well as the conditions related to the issuance of Ghanaian marriage certificates.

Schengen - Detection of counterfeit Schengen border crossing stamps (for official use only - requires login)
18-07-2018
This note describes how to detect a counterfeit Schengen border crossing stamp by examining the stamp’s check digit.

Schengen - Detection of counterfeit Schengen visa stickers (for official use only - requires login)
18-07-2018
This note describes how to detect a counterfeit Schengen visa sticker by conducting a tactical examination of the information contained within the visa sticker, the machine readable zone, and the corresponding Schengen border crossing stamps.

Turkey – Issuance procedures and security features of Turkish identity cards (Kimlik)
26-06-2018
This note describes the Turkish national identity card, in Turkish designated as ”Kimlik”. A new model of the kimlik was introduced in 2017, but both models remain valid in Turkey. This note  thus describes both the new and the former model of the kimlik, along with the issuance procedures.

West Africa -West African border stamps (for official use only - requires login)
14-06-2018
This note describes the entry and exit stamps currently used by the immigration authorities in Ghana, Nigeria and Togo. It also contains examples of counterfeit West African entry and exit stamps.

Pakistan - Birth resistration and related civil status documents
06-06-2018
A revised version is in preparation and is expected to be published in September 2019.
Pakistan - Marriage registration and related civil status documents
06-06-2018
A revised version is in preparation and is expected to be published in September 2019.
Pakistan - Civil registers, registration routines and corruption
06-06-2018
A revised version is in preparation and is expected to be published in September 2019.
Pakistan - ID cards and related breeder documents
06-06-2018
A revised version is in preparation and is expected to be published in September 2019.
Pakistan - The Pakistani passport and its trustworthiness
06-06-2018
A revised version is in preparation and is expected to be published in September 2019.
Pakistan - Legalisation procedures at the Pakistani Ministry of Foreign Affairs
06-06-2018
A revised version is in preparation and is expected to be published in September 2019. 

India - Births and Deaths registration in the Delhi Cantonment Board (for official use only - requires login)
06-06-2018
India - Maldivian entry and exit stamps in use since 1st of August 2016 (for official use only - requires login)
06-06-2018
India - Verification of an Indian Income Tax Return Form (for official use only - requires login)
06-06-2018 (updated 17-08-2018)
In April 2018 the expert team from the Danish National ID Centre visited the Danish Embassy in New Delhi to conduct technical document verification of documents submitted with the visa applications, to provide training in basic document examination to the consular staff, as well as meet with local authorities and diplomatic sources to gain information about issuance procedure on Indian ID documents and the current trends on ID. From this, the Danish National ID Centre has published three notes.

Ghana - The Ghanaian G-Series passport (for official use only - requires login)
04-05-2018
This note describes the central technical specifications of the Ghanaian G-series passport, and clarifies which features and elements have been changed by the Ghanaian Passport Office since the passport came into circulation.